By Sanmari Steenkamp
All of us have suffered from anxiety at some point of our lives. We may still experience it from time to time. Anxiety can be described as a state of fear or worry without having a reason at times for this fear or worry. Mild anxiety is a normal condition, however when it reaches higher levels, it can become unhealthy and harmful to body and mind.
This essay will explore the effectiveness of yoga on anxiety. Severe anxiety may cause one or more of the following symptoms: nausea, breathing problems, palpitations, fatigue, restlessness, headaches, chest pains and digestive problems. Some of the most common anxiety disorders are panic disorder or panic attack – a sudden, lasting less than 30 minutes, episode filled with fear and discomfort causing sweating, trembling, breathing difficulties, and dizziness.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is mainly caused by unresolved traumatic events from the past, creates feelings of fearfulness and helplessness with nightmares, sleeping disturbances and flashbacks as some of the symptoms. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the repetition of thoughts related to fearful things and the repetition of certain behaviours in an attempt to relieve fears; phobia is an irrational fear of people, objects, situations, and other things and the main symptom an excessive and unreasonable desire to avoid the thing associated with the said fear.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in which an extreme and uncontrollable worry about common daily things like health and family as well as trivial things such as being on time, etc. Anxiety is commonly treated with psychotherapy and many times with anti-anxiety medication as well.
As from the 1970s, studies on the possible treatments for depression and anxiety included meditation and other stress-reduction techniques. Yoga, among others, even though it has become increasingly popular over the past decade, has received less attention in medical literature.
Studies have shown that by reducing perceived stress and anxiety, yoga appears to modulate stress response systems. In turn, the physiological arousal decreases – for example, reducing the heart rate, lowering blood pressure, and easing respiration. There is also evidence that yoga practices help increase heart rate variability, an indicator of the body’s ability to respond to stress more flexibly.
Yoga can serve as an aid in the healing of anxiety. It helps to develop a strong state of mind helping to overcome fears and anxiety. Because you move and breathe slowly when doing Yoga consciously, it aids to ease the body’s reaction to anxiety. Your heart rate lowers and your muscles relax.
By practicing Asanas (postures) to maintain a healthy nervous system, Pranayama (breathing) to obtain a better self-awareness and gain a more peaceful state of mind, and Meditation to increase concentration and focus of the mind can all lead to a healthy, anxiety-free lifestyle. Yoga promotes relaxation and emotional control. The fight or flight reflex leads to the body’s preparation to defend or flee when confronted by anxiety.
Stiffness and chronic muscle tension caused by chronic stress leads to worry and anxiousness. Yoga brings relaxation through the use of specific postures that stretch and relax the muscles and joints. Breathing can be used to produce a meditative state of mind. Yoga techniques promote relaxation, and teaches self-soothing and body awareness skills.
Some Asanas that help to reduce anxiety include the following:
- The Corpse Pose – can be used to mentally separate yourself from your past
experiences and from any possible happenings, whether real or imagined, in the
future. Bring your awareness to the present.
- The Shoulderstand
Iyengar recommends the following yoga sequence to manage anxiety:
1. Tadasana Samasthithi – Standing Upright Pose
2. Tadasana Urdhva Hastasana – Mountain Pose, Raised Arm Pose
3. Uttanasana – Standing Forward Bend Pose
4. Prasarita Padottanasana – Spread Legs Pose
5. Adho Mukha Svanasana – Dog Stretch Pose
6. Salamba Sirsasana – Headstand Pose
7. Uttanasana – Standing Forward Bend Pose
8. Utthita Trikonasana – Extended Triangle Pose
9. Ardha Chandrasana – Half Moon Pose
10. Viparita Dandasana – Legs Up the Wall Pose
11. Ustrasana – Camel Pose
12.Virasana – Hero Pose
13. Adho Mukha Virasana – Downward Facing Hero Pose
14. Janu Sirsasana – Head-Knee Pose
15. Paschimottanasana – Seated Forward Bend
16. Upavista Konasana – Seated Wide Legged Straddle Pose
17. Baddhakonasana – Restrained Angle Pose
18. Supta Virasana – Supine Thunderbolt Pose
19. Setubandha Sarvangasana – Bridge Pose
20. Viparita Karani – Legs up the Wall Pose
21. Savasana – Corpse Pose
22. Ujjayi Pranayma – Victorious Breath
23. Viloma 2 Pranayama – Alternate Nostril Breath
Breathing is essential for good health, but few people realise that wrong breathing habits can lead to many problems such as fatigue, heart disease, cancer as well as anxiety. Cell health depends on sufficient air or oxygen supply. Because we breathe shallow as result of being too busy to breathe correctly, the body experiences stress which leads to anxiety.
Yoga breathing techniques can help to correct this incorrect breathing. Pranayamas for the reduction or anxiety can be explained in a bit more detail. Pranayamas are independent techniques of breathing used independently from the yoga postures.
The Victorius Breath or Ujjayi helps reduce anxiety and is done as follow: Sit in Padmasana or Lotus Pose and exhale fully through the mouth or the nostrils. This is the preparation to the Victorious Breath. Inhale through the nostrils slowly and continuously.
By partly closing the glottis, (the opening from the pharynx into the windpipe that modulates speech, the breath is made audible. The air thus enters more slowly due to the partial closure and causes a frictional sound that can be felt as well. Continue until the lungs feel full, although not too full.
Comfortably hold the breath for a few seconds as the glottis is closed. Now the air is continuously let out slowly and smoothly through both the nostrils until the lungs feel empty. As this is done the glottis is again partially closed and the frictional sound that is produced can be felt as well.
The Viloma Pranayama or Alternate-Nostril Breathing is done by sitting in Padmasana, inhaling through one nostril and exhale through the other alternatively, using the right thumb and index finger to close the alternate nostrils. Hold breath in between inhaling and exhaling as long as comfortable.
Over the past few decades, Yoga has become the preferred and prescribed method to reduce and eliminate anxiety and symptoms associated with anxiety. Studies (Boston University School of Medicine) have shown that practicing yoga regularly, brain gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) levels – the brain’s primary inhibitory neurotransmitter – may elevate.
The findings of this study suggests that yoga as a possible treatment for depression and anxiety and other disorders associated with low GABA levels, should be explored.
“Our findings clearly demonstrate that in experienced yoga practitioners, brain GABA levels increase after a session of yoga,” said lead author Chris Streeter, MD, an assistant professor of psychiatry and neurology at BUSM and a research associate at McLean Hospital.
Antidepressants work in part by boosting the GABA levels, also suggesting the possibility of yoga being used as a replacement for psycho-pharmacological treatment. Needless to say that the side-effects of Yoga are more flexibility, a better back and spine and better posture.
It is however advised that one should not only rely on Yoga to overcome anxiety but rather see it as a complimentary technique to those methods applied by doctors and psychologists and/or psychiatrists. However, as research is done more often in the modern world, Yoga may soon become the treatment of choice for anxiety disorders as well as all types of mental disorders. More and more people attempt to avoid medication due to the negative side-effects, and seek alternative ways to prevent and cure all kinds of illnesses.
REFERENCES
Holisticonline.com 18/04/09
www.mentalhelp.net.htm 20/02/09
ljpasion www.abc-of-yoga.com 2009
www.yogamiracles.com 2009
www.anxiety-and-depression-solutions.com nan little 2009
www.lifetwo.com
findarticles.com 10/10/09
health.msn.com 10/10/09
Sanmari Steenkamp is a certified Yoga teacher. She teaches Yoga classes in the Walvis Bay, Namibia area.


